Grooming your dog may be a worthwhile task. However, most dogs are scared of the noise some dog clippers make. So, you need to look for the best quiet machines to groom your dog in peace. Many dog owners want to groom their pet at home.

This method can not only save money but also bond with your dog. Some dog clippers are made with less noise. In this article, we will list the best quiet dog clippers. They can help to reduce dog’s grooming anxiety.

Clippers Noises and Vibrations

These factors are the main causes of anxiety. It’s not difficult to determine the root cause of hair clipper associated with anxiety in dogs. Then, you need some trial and error. Normally, dogs don’t get used to such sudden high levels of noise as well as vibration in the first months of life.

Grooming around their ears and head is like an earthquake. Actually, it’s really important to know what makes your dog stressed during grooming. He may be stressed by a mix of vibration, noise, or even all of the things close to his body and head. It’s best to let your dog approach a dog clipper slowly and gradually.

Remember to avoid forcing him into anything that can make him uncomfortable with. Instead, let your dog take his time to get used to a clipper.

An Anxious Dog and How to Reduce a Dog’s Grooming Anxiety

Depending on the type of your dog’s fur, you can know how to groom him. In fact, you needn’t groom dogs with short hairs as much regularly as ones with straight, long, and continuously growing hair.

Avoid doing anything drastic. Instead, ask a professional groomer for help. Otherwise, you can cause an injury to your dog’s skin. Also, this can increase grooming anxiety in him.

As a pet owner, you should read customer reviews of several brands of dog clippers before buying one for your dog. It’s a great idea to use a dog grooming table. It can help to make your dog more comfortable for a good grooming experience.

As mentioned above, let him be accustomed to the noise as well asvibrations of the grooming machines slowly and gradually.

You may have to take several weeks or months to train your dog. This depends on the level of stress your dog gets. The thing every pet owner needs is the patience and determination. It’s essential to buy the best silent grooming clippers.

You may not know quiet dog clippers can stillvibrate. However, they are surely quieter than regular machines. For manual hair clippers, they can fully silent. However, you have to take a lot of time for grooming, especially for larger dogs.

How to Choose the Best Quiet Dog Clippers

First, it’s important to consider your pet’s size, his fur condition, and his coat length. In order to get more information about choosing the right types of dog clippers for your pet, read a buying guide. It is really helpful. If you choose the right dog clipper for your pet, you can determine whether a quiet dog clipper is great for your dog.

Although it’s unable to have a completely silent dog clipper, you can get ones that offer less noise than others. There are some features to think about when it comes to the best quiet dog clippers as below:

Smoother running motors:

You should consider buying brushless motors. They are actually smoother running. You can choose models from Wahl.

Blades:

Choose clippers designed with more smoothly blades. If you choose a cheaper clipper, it can make more vibration than others.

The fact is that different clippers are compatible with different blades. So, it’s important to read the product description in order to determine the types of blades. More importantly, some blades can be able to work better to deal with hard-to-tough areas than others.

You can know the type of hair as well as the length it cuts thanks to the comb product description. For instance, you can use a 10 blade for both short and medium length hair when using the Andis. When it comes to the Wahl cordless clippers, you can get adjustable blades. So, you can easily adjust to a cut length you want.

Vibration isolators around the motor:

They are essential for less sound as well as vibration. There are many machines coming with vibration isolators like the Oster A6.

Lightweight and compact:

If you are looking for a clipper that is quiet, consider buying a lightweight and compact model. It’s best to choose small cordless clippers. They are actually quieter than the larger ones.

Top 7 Best Quiet Dog Clippers 2019 Reviews

Scaredy Cut Silent Manual Dog Clipper

This is a great choice for toy breeds. It’s easy to use. These dog clippers come with add-on combs. Sure, you will be satisfied with them because of free of any sort of vibration. However, with this machine, you have to take more times to trim your dog. There are two removable gel inserts for a comfortable experience.

In addition, the clipper comes with a knob for tension adjustment. They are great for sensitive areas, including genitals, paws, as well as head work. Nowadays, there is a wide range of trusted brands available on the market. They ensure to give owners a quiet and smooth cut.

Oster Professional Turbo A5 2-Speed

This product comes with two speeds. It’s actually a very quiet clipper. However, it’s also very powerful. So, this is a good solution for dogs with heavier and coarser coats. It allows you to easily approach your dog’s face. When you switch to the high speed, it can help to handle matted coat. If you are finding a beautiful clipper, this machine is for you. This machine offers everything a pet owner wants. This is also great for professional groomers.

ZMG Rechargeable Pets Electric Clippers

If you want a clipper for your budget, consider this clipper. It’s cheaper than Oster. This product offers low noise than regular ones. This model has a few perks. It’s a cordless dog clipper, so you can easily use it. Its battery can be able to run for a decent amount of time. Furthermore, it’s also really easy to recharge.

Wahl BravMini+ Cordless Pet Trimmer

This machine promises to offer groomers a lot of power while it still provides as little noise and vibration as possible. It can be able to work well for a lot of precision tasks as feet work as well as the face. You have to take 2 hours to charge it fully for 100 minutes of the operation. With this machine, you can avoid heat because of its smart design. In fact, these products can be able to last for a long period of time.

Glendan Ultra Quiet ECO-Friendly Clippers

This clipper is also listed as one of the best choices for your budget. In spite of its low price, it still can get the job done. Moreover, this clipper is an eco-friendly on the market today. This is not only cordless but also rechargeable.

Depending on your needs, you can choose pro or a con. It ensures to give you comfort thanks to its comfortable handle. In addition, the clipper comes with an anti-slip feature to prevent your dog from getting stress during grooming.

Andis Professional Animal Clipper

Andis Professional Animal Clippers can last for a long time. It’s made with a break-resistant black housing. It is one of the best choices when it comes to the best quiet dog clippers. It can help to handle a heavily matted coarse coat.

However, they promise to provide owners with a quiet clipping experience. It has heat dissipation. Even if you use this machine after a long time, it still stays cool. It’s a cordless model. However, this product is expensive a bit.

2-Speed Outlaw Dog Animal Clippers

This option is the top-rated quiet electric dog grooming clipper. It is designed with a silent motor. Also, it’s very lightweight. In spite of its quietness, this machine is a powerful piece of equipment. Moreover, there is a wide range of different comb attachments. They have a set with grooming shears, a step by step DVD, a carrying case, as well as a cleaning brush.

They promise to give groomers a professional grade design. Plus, it offers a one year manufacturer’s warranty. The clipper can be able to deal with everything from heavy clipping to quick precision trims. You can choose it to cut any all types of fur. It is ideal to handle any length coat. In addition to dogs, you can also use it for other animals like cats. Even, it can be used on humans.

Quiet Dog Clippers vs Manual Dog Hair Clippers

As mentioned above, some pets don’t like the whirring noise made by traditional dog clippers. If your dog moves around when you have a sharp object in close proximity to your dog body, it may be not safe for your pet. You can prevent your dog from getting a lot of stress when you switch to one of the best quiet dog clippers.

Quiet dog clipper

If a silent dog clipper isn’t familiar with you, it’s essential to know what it’s. At the same time, be aware of the difference between these clippers and regular ones. A silent dog clipper is a machine that doesn’t offer the loud whirring noise as others can make. Normally, most quiet clippers are manual. Some of them are electric. In fact, no electric machines can offer 100 % silence.

Manual dog clipper

Manual dog clippers are actually a type of scissors. They come with an attachment comb. These dog clippers are one of the best choices for dogs. Many professional groomers have to admit that. However, you will have to concern about the noisiness of typical electric groomers. These dog clippers don’t always require more work compared to the electric clippers. They can help to groom your dog’s fur in a shorter time.

There is a wide range of cordless silent dog clippers running on batteries. They don’t offer 100% silence. They may still give your dog the noise and buzz. If you are looking for an alternative for traditional dog hair clippers, consider choosing these types of silent clippers.

Conclusion

Consider choosing a quiet clipper to reduce some of the stress for your dog during grooming. Sure, you have a good idea about the best options of the best silent dog clippers today after reading through our list above. Depending on our reviews listed above, you can easily decide which one is the best for your furry friend.

As a pet owner, you need to take diligent care of your dog’s feet. It’s important to put his feet with these easy paw care tips. Also, don’t forget to consider the dirty surfaces his feet come into contact with all day long. They may be tile, carpet, cement, wood, mud, grass, dirt, urine, snow, feces, water, and more.

Let’s take a look at this article, we will give you some fresh tips on how to clean your dog’s feet.

How to Clean Your Dog’s Feet

Trim Hair

If you let his hair grow, they can damage to your dog’s paws. In addition, excessive hair can get debris and dirt. That’s why your dog has an infection. The best solution for this is trimming paw hair on a regular basis. It’s important to trim paw hair evenly with the pads.

Use Wipes

There is a variety of wipes available you can choose for dogs. They are similar to baby wipes. Also, you can easily use them. It’s best to keep a pack near your front as well as the back door. You will notice the foul things in just one outing.

Keep Nails Trimmed

Click-clack is a common sound that helps you know where your dog is. But, this is also a thing to determine your dog’s nails are too long. Keep them trimmed or filed in a comfortable length.

Clean Between the Pads

In fact, your dog can collect all the things in between his toes when walking barefoot regularly. So, you need to make a habit of cleaning between his toes. At the same time, remember to check for dirt, pebbles, small particle, debris, and other items your dog can lodge.

Use Doggie Boots

Your dog should walk in doggie boots. They are useful for keeping his paws protected from the sharp objects as well as elements.

Moisturize the Pads

Because of the excessive exposure to a lot of elements, his paws may become cracked or dry. It’s time to use a quality canine moisturizer to protect dog pads.

Apply First Aid

Your dog can step on sharp objects. They lead to wounds, cuts, and blood loss. Then, you need to quickly apply first aid to the wound. Or, you should take him to your vet for the larger than half an inch cut.

Wash with Warm Water

It’s a great idea to wash your dog’s feet with warm water all year long, especially in the snow. His foot pads may be lodged by salt and toxic chemicals from ice melters. This also causes sores and infection. The warm water will help to remove the chemicals quickly.

Use a Door Mat

This is considered as the easiest solution to keep your dog’s feet clean. Place a doormat in the front of all doors leading outside. Encourage him to step on the mat. By this way, he can remove debris as well as dirt from his feet.

What to Look for in a Dog Paw Washer

Soft Bristles or Brushes

They are great choices to remove some of the stubborn dirt on his feet. In order not to irritate or injure his feet in the process, find washers with bristles and brushes made of rubber, silicone, or oft plastic.

A Water-Tight Lid

If you want to take your dog to walk with you, don’t forget to fill the paw washer before leaving the house. Of course, you need a lid to keep the water from creating a mess or sloshing around.

Ergonomic Design

Your dog may not pay attention to the paw-washing process at all. But, you still have a fair bit of wrestling with him when holding the paw washer. We recommend you to look for ones that are easy to hold. Also, make sure your dog’s feet feel comfortable when you use it.

Made in the USA

In fact, you can find some high-quality consumer made in China or other developing countries. But, ones made in the United States offer higher quality. That means you will have to pay a bit more for US-made items. But, these products can be able to last longer as well.

DIY Paw-Cleaning Solutions

Two Towels

Use a damp towel to wipe your dog’s feet off. Then, use a dry towel to dry them. It’s easy to do this. Also, this way is the great choice for dogs who don’t like having their feet touched. It’s best to carry two towels around with you after every use.

A Dedicated Water Dish or Cup

Most commercial paw washers come with cups that can hold a bit of water. Also, it allows you to place a soft-bristled brush inside if you want. This can help you save a marginal amount of money.

Scrub Brushes

By using soft scrub brushes and water, you can make your dog feet clean. But, it’s essential to look for a brush with very soft bristles. They can’t harm your dog’s feet.

Conclusion

It’s essential to keep your dog’s feet clean. This lets your dog feel comfortable when walking. Also, it helps to protect him from injury and infection. You should take care of his feet every day to ensure his feet can last him a lifetime.

There is no single reason why your dog barks. So, there is also no across-the-board quick prevention to stop him from barking. You may feel frustrating when living in a home with a dog barking. In fact, it’s hard to prevent your dog from barking. Read this post, we will help you learn how to stop a dog from barking effectively.

Common Reasons for Dog Barking

Your dog may bark in order to scare off a perceived intruder, get attention, self-soothe, or release frustration. If you want to tackle your dog’s barking, you need to determine the drive behind his vocalization.There is a variety typical type of canine communication.

Attention seeking

Your dog starts barking when he wants to get something. It may be your attention or resources such as toys or food. Even, he may want to access to the outdoors.

Territorial

For this reason, your dog can bark once he notices someone or something enters his own areas.

Play barking

Your dog likes doing this when he has a good time.

Alarm

By barking, your dog can show that he is startled by something such as unexpected noise or a sudden noise as well.

Frustration

Barking also allows your dog to signal irritation as well as powerlessness. For example, he barks when a ball rolls under the couch but he can’t reach the ball.

Boredom

He barks when he is under-stimulated in order to entertain or self-soothe.And, he can repeat his bark sounds for this.

Fear

This type of barking is often misunderstood. He may bark when he is trying to put distance betweensomething frightening and himself.

Excitement

Your dog also may bark when he prepares a meal, rides cars, as well as sees a leash.

Separation distress

Your dog won’t want to engage in this pitiful bark alone. It’s not similar to a dog that is going through true separation anxiety. Indeed, it’s a milder and more manageable when it comes to distressthan true separation anxiety.

How to Keep a Dog from Barking

It may be easier to stop your dog from barking thanks to customizing a training solution for his specific type of bark. Also, it can be able to prevent barking. There are some tips you should know to prevent him from barking.

Block your dog’s view

This is considered as a quick way to deal with alarm and territorial barking. In order to cut off his visual access to everything inciting him outside, you can close your blinds to obscure the view. It’s best to place the window film above his line of sight about a few inches.

Busy toys

This way is effective for dogs looking for attention. It’s great to choose hard rubber toys dispensing treats. They can be able to help keep your dog occupied and happy when alone. Also, you should consider giving them dogs barking for attention.

White noise machine

This way is great to cover incidental noises from people passing as well as delivery trucks due to the machine’s steady unchanging sound.

Pheromone-based treatment

Plug-in diffusers can be able to soothe dogs barking because of stress. Indeed, you will have to pay affordable money for these diffusers. They can help to take the edge off a stressful situation.

Teach “hush”

This is a great solution for alarm barkers, territorial barkers, and some excitement and play barkers. This way can help to stop the barking after a few minutes. Also, it can short-circuit a dedicated barker as well. For the next time, you just need to place a treat in your hand and walk up to him. Then, put your hand in front of your dog’s nose. You can do it whenever he barks at something as long as he smells the treat.

Ignore barking

This is used for attention-seeking barking, frustration barking, as well as play barking. It’s a great idea to tune your dog out while barking to take the power out of his demanding barking. Once he barks for attention, you should walk out of the room but still look at him. Do the same for frustration barking. If he barks because of the rolling of his ball under the couch, it’s best to fetch it for him.

More exercise

This way is considered as the best solution for all barkers both mental and physical. In fact, if your dog has had a good workout, he will be able to reduce the risk of alert for perceived interlopers. We recommend you to spend your time wearing your dog out daily with a rousing game of fetch. Also, remember that a good dog is a tired dog.

Reward the absence of barking

It is also useful for all barkers. In fact, we just remember to correct your dog’s bad behaviors but don’t acknowledge the good. So, it’s best to give your dog a treat when he sees someone out the window without barking. Also, don’t forget to praise him when he dashes around the yardwithout offering commentary. The fact is that barking is a deeply rewarding behavior, but you should deal with it with time as well as patience.

You can’t feel happy when your dog is sick. You need to always advocate when he is ill. First, the thing you need to do is recognize when your dog becomes sick. Then, determine the severity of the illness. There are some illnesses you can treat at home while others require the prompt attention of your vet. It’s best to visit your vet if you are in doubt. Read this article to learn how to take care of a sick dog.

Determine Symptoms of Illness

Monitor his activity daily

Determine when he relieves himself when he drinks as well as eats. By this way, you can get a pattern of the symptoms. Also, your vet can diagnose your dog’s illness thanks to it. Observe him once he doesn’t eat the best for a day, vomiting once or more, restless, and diarrhea. It’s time to visit your vet for advice.

Look for certain symptoms

There are some symptoms you need immediate medical attention. They include unconsciousness, broken bones, known ingestion of a toxic substance, breathing difficulties, allergies, unrelenting vomiting and diarrhea, new or recurring symptoms, large swellings around the eye or face, and unable to urinate or not producing urine.

Ask for your vet’s advice on less severe symptoms

There are some uncomfortable symptoms for your dog. And, they need to be treated. It’s time to call your vet if you see the following symptoms as fever, isolated seizure, occasional vomiting lasting longer than one day, not eating for more than one day, limping or acting painful, difficulty defecating, swelling, excessive drinking, as well as any other odd symptoms.

Treat Illness at Home

Keep your dog’s food if he is vomiting

If your dog is older than 6 months, you can withhold his foods up to 24 hours. You can realize that through common symptoms as vomiting or diarrhea. Also, it includes rawhides and treats.

Remember to let him access to water

It’s wrong if you withhold water from your dog when he’s sick. Just do this if he vomits it up. It’s best to see your vet for advice when it occurs.

Apply a bland diet for a few days

You can feed your dog a bland diet right after he is behaving more normally. This diet is a combination of 2 parts an easily digested starch and one part easily digested protein. There are some common protein sources such as chicken, cottage cheese, or boiled hamburger.

Limit his play time and exercise time

Your dog needs plenty of rest. That’s why we recommend you to limit his exercise and play time. Give him a leash to relieve himself. This method is especially great when he is limping.

Monitor his stool and urine output

Focus on how much he is urinating and defecating. In order to determine how much your dog urinates or defecates, you should use a leash. Don’t punish him if he suffers from an accident inside the house such as urine, stool, or vomiting.

Pay attention to his symptoms closely

If your dog’s symptom is worse, you need to keep a very close eye on him. Avoid leaving your dog on his own for the day or weekend. It’s best to check on him every about 2 hours even when you are out. And, you should call your vet if you aren’t sure about the symptoms.

Make a Comfortable Space for Him

Keep your dog inside

If you leave your dog outside, he will get trouble regulating its temperature. As a result, it’s also difficult for you to observe any change in symptoms.

Give him a comfortable bed

If you want to monitor your dog’s symptom, you need to give him a bed with blankets. By giving him  your scent on the blankets, you can help him feel comforted. The best position you should choose is  in a bathroom or kitchen. They are easy to clean. Also, they allow you to clean your dog vomits up quickly and easily.

Keep your house quiet

If your dog is sick, it’s essential to keep the lights low and turn down the sounds. At the same time, don’t allow visitors to access such as vacuums, the television, and children.

Keep a Safe Environment for Your Dog

Don’t feed your dog human foods

In fact, some human foods can be able to make your dog dead. Avoid feeding him some products as xylitol. They are dangerous for dogs. So, don’t feed him sugar-free foods as well as tooth care products. Other products to avoid include chocolate, alcohol, bread dough, grape, avocados, garlic, raisins, onions, and other foods.

Don’t give him human medication

Never give him human medication unless your vet requires you. They can be toxic. In fact, they can be able to make your dog’s illness worse.

Dogs, like humans, can be allergic. Sometimes allergies do not arise until the dog is older, and sometimes they can occur within the first few years of life. also, like humans, dogs can develop allergies to many things throughout their lifetime.

The signs your dog might have allergies

Does your dog constantly lick at his feet or scratch at his ears? Does he have red staining on the fur around his toes? Is he itchy or have foul-smelling, red or greasy skin? Does he sometimes scratch so much in certain spots that he causes bleeding? is he often prone to ear or skin infections? Does he vomit, have diarrhea or produce excess gas after eating certain foods? If so, he is very uncomfortable and could very well be suffering from allergies. The most common symptoms of allergies include problems with the skin, ears and gastrointestinal tract. Thus, the dog can develop itchy, red rashes.

What is an allergic reaction?

An allergy is an abnormal response that a dog’s immune system has towards an allergen. An allergen is an environmental substance that causes an abnormal immune response. When the dog comes in contact with the allergen, his immune system tricks itself into thinking that this allergen is going to cause harm, so it sets up an inflammatory response to try to protect the dog from it. In dogs without allergies, the immune system does not react so strongly to the environmental substance and the dog is not affected. Unfortunately, dogs with hypersensitivities or allergies to the substance initiate a chain of events in their bodies that result in signs of illness.

Making the diagnosis

Fortunately, there are several ways veterinarians can diagnose allergies in dogs. First, your veterinarian will perform certain tests to rule out other more common illnesses such as skin or gastrointestinal parasites, or diseases such as hypothyroidism or hyperadrenocorticism. If your dog does not have any of these other illnesses, then specific allergy testing will then be performed.

Like humans, dogs can undergo skin testing for allergies. In this method, a patch of fur is shaved from the dog and many extracts are injected into the skin in small amounts. The skin is then examined with special lights to determine if any swelling or weal forms. Based on the amount of swelling that occurs, your veterinarian is able to determine if your dog is allergic to that specific allergen.

To diagnose food allergies, a food trial can also be performed. During a food trial, a dog is fed a unique protein source that he has never been exposed to before, such as venison or rabbit meat, or alternatively, a special prescription diet that is composed of hydrolyzed proteins, which are proteins so tiny that his intestinal tract will not recognize them as allergens.

This special diet and nothing else must be fed to the dog for at least two months. Then, if noticeable improvements occur, especially in the dog’s skin and coat condition, the old food is fed again. Then the dog is closely monitored to see if the skin conditions or diarrhea or other signs of allergies recur.

If they do, it is assumed that the dog is allergic to something in his food. Although the exact substance that the dog is allergic to would not be determined with a food trial, the owner knows at least that some of the ingredients in his old food were causing allergies. A different type of food is then fed in the future.

Skin testing and food trials are indeed invasive and time-consuming ways to diagnose allergies. The other more innovative way your veterinarian can test your dog for allergies is by simply collecting a blood sample and sending it to a special laboratory that will analyze it. They will be able to determine what food types and environmental allergies your pet has. Your veterinarian will determine what test method is the best for your dog.

Treatment and care

If your dog is diagnosed with allergies, it is very important to minimize his exposure to his allergens. For example, some dogs are allergic to feathers or cigarette smoke, so it is very important to not let him use down comforters and to avoid being in areas with cigarette smoke. Some dogs have a dust mite allergy, so frequent vacuuming of the house, as well as replacing carpet with laminate or hardwood flooring is very beneficial.

If your dog has an allergy to chicken, it is vital that you avoid feeding him treats or foods with chicken in the ingredients lists. Reading ingredients lists is very important. Fortunately, there are many special prescription diets available from your veterinarian that are beneficial to dogs with specific food allergies.

Some dogs are actually allergic to the bacteria and yeast organisms that grow naturally on all dogs’ skin. Therefore, it is important to keep his coat and skin clean through frequent bathing and grooming. Don’t use human clipper for the dog because dog hair and dog hair are different, there are many types of dog grooming clipper on the market you can buy. It is also important to bring him to your veterinarian regularly so he can be examined for skin infections and treated promptly.

The more allergens you can prevent your dog from coming into contact with, the more comfortable he will be. However, it is impossible to prevent exposure of certain allergens to your dog. Things like grass and plant pollens will be present in his environment no matter how clean the house is kept.

If your dog goes outdoors unless, inside a plastic bubble, he will be in contact with plants, fungus, trees, insects and many other things he is allergic to. You have probably heard of humans with allergies who have taken allergy shots. Hyposensitization through allergy serum injections is similar to the technique of allergy shots that are used in humans with allergies.

Your veterinarian can have specific allergy serum prepared for your dog. This serum is injected on a schedule that will allow his immune system to become less sensitive to the allergen. Therefore, eventually, he will react less or not at all to allergens that used to cause so much immune response. Ideally, your dog will only require these serum injections once per month for 12 to 16 months, then they will be discontinued because his immune system is hypersensitized.

Usually, with a special diet, reduced environmental exposure and hyposensitization injections, your pet’s allergic responses can be reduced by 80 to 100 percent. However, sometimes in peak allergy season, for example in the spring when there are lots of pollens and insects, his skin or respiratory tract may become irritated. Therefore, at these times your veterinarian may prescribe decongestants, antihistamines or other anti-inflammatory medications to improve comfort levels.

Also, try keeping a spray bottle of water or dog skin conditioner in the fridge. Spraying it on the itchy areas of his coat is very soothing. Cool water bathing is also helpful at reducing skin inflammation because it constricts the skin’s blood vessels. Feeding a good quality veterinary food to your dog as well as supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids can help reduce inflammation in the skin and keep his coat healthier. Special anti-itch shampoos and conditioners are also available from your veterinarian to help improve your dog’s comfort.

Because allergies can greatly affect the quality of your pet’s life, he definitely deserves the help of his veterinarian and the many treatment options now available.